> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://gang-gems.gitbook.io/qtv/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://gang-gems.gitbook.io/qtv/modelling-2-ontologies-portrayal-and-perspectivisation-level-iii.md). # Modelling 2 Ontologies: Portrayal & Perspectivisation – Level III In this phase, the team examined Gangemi and Presutti's work[ Formal Representation and Extraction of Perspectives](https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/creating-a-more-transparent-internet/formal-representation-and-extraction-of-perspectives-aldo-gangemi-and-valentina-presutti/68031FA35DEDC64DE2790F4E8EEEC7FB). To fully capture the complexity of LGBTQ+ representation, we designed our system using two interconnected ontologies: 1. [LGBTQPortrayal.ttl](https://github.com/Gang-Gems/QTV/blob/main/LGBTQPortrayal.ttl) **Ontology**\ Focuses on *how* queer characters are represented on screen. 2. [Perspectivisation](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Tossing-Cookies/KRKE-gp24/main/ODP/persp.ttl) **Ontology** (based on Gangemi & Presutti)\ Focuses on *why* and *from which perspective* a certain portrayal exists. This refinement enhanced the ontology's ability to comprehensively represent and analyze the **diverse perspectives** of the **portrayal of LGBTQ+ characters** in teenage tv series dramas, examining recurring tropes, stereotypes, and narrative roles. By integrating the **Perspectivisation Ontology** (Gangemi & Presutti), it allows for the exploration of different perspectives on LGBTQ+ representation through two primary lenses: Profit-Driven (market-oriented portrayals) and Social Impact (authentic and empowering narratives). This approach enables a deeper understanding of how industry motivations, audience reception, and cultural factors shape LGBTQ+ visibility in media. *** ### πŸ“· Ontology Visualization

Merged Visualization (πŸ“ download the xmind file)

*** ### OWL Ontology in RDF/Turtle [LGBTQPortrayal ](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Gang-Gems/QTV/main/LGBTQPortrayal.ttl)Ontology ### πŸ” Core classes of Ontology Perspective (Adapted from Perspectivisation Ontology) This is a list of the classes and relative sublasses. `Eventuality` \ Represents the central phenomenon or narrative fact under analysis β€” in this case, the portrayal of LGBTQ+ characters in teenage television dramas. In line with Perspectivisation Ontology, it anchors the perspective process. * `PortrayalOfLGBTQCharacters` The concrete representation of queer identities within the narrative framework. It’s the core β€œevent” that will be viewed through various lenses and influenced by contextual and attitudinal factors. `Lens`\ The interpretative angle or ideological frame applied to the portrayal. A lens orients how an Eventuality is perceived, evaluated, and discussed. * `ProfitDrivenLens` A perspective that emphasizes marketability, audience reach, and economic interests. It tends to favor representations that are safe, simplified, or stereotypical if they enhance profitability. * `SocialImpactLens` A socially conscious perspective aiming for accurate, affirming, and inclusive portrayals. It focuses on the effect of representation on public understanding and LGBTQ+ self-perception. `Attitude`\ Represents the evaluative stance taken within a given lens. In Perspectivisation Ontology, attitudes specify how the lens interprets or values the Eventuality. * `Profit-Driven` * `MarketFriendly:`A neutral-to-positive framing aimed at pleasing wide audiences without controversy. Often includes vague or sanitized depictions. * `Tokenization:`Represents the inclusion of queer characters in superficial ways β€” to appear diverse without offering narrative depth. * `Queerbaiting:`Describes intentional suggestions of queerness without commitment β€” used to attract queer audiences while avoiding alienating others. * `Social Impact` * `EmpowermentRepresentation:`Highlights characters who are confident, visible, and central to the story β€” challenging marginalization and invisibility. * `ChallengingStereotypes:`Seeks to subvert harmful tropes and propose alternative ways of portraying LGBTQ+ identities. `Background`\ The socio-cultural, industrial, and historical context that shapes how representations are created and interpreted. In Perspectivisation Ontology, background frames the lens and attitude with real-world influence. * `Profit` * `StreamingPolicies:`Guidelines set by streaming platforms that affect what kinds of representation are permissible or encouraged. * `CensorshipLaws:` National or regional laws that suppress or regulate LGBTQ+ content. * `FinancialRisk:`Economic considerations that may discourage complex or controversial queer narratives.
* `Social Impact` * `QueerTheory:` Academic and activist thought informing more nuanced and deconstructed views of identity and representation. * `AudienceDemand:` The influence of public calls for more inclusive and authentic portrayals, especially from LGBTQ+ youth. * `HistoricalTrends:` Past patterns of representation (e.g., tragic tropes, invisibility) that shape both audience expectation and creator intention. `Cut`\ A "cut" represents the reinterpretation of an LGBTQ+ portrayal shaped by the interaction of Lens, Attitude, and Background. The β€œcut” is how representation manifests in the final product β€” it's the output of perspectivisation. * `Character Type`\ It is the resulting narrative role or figure. It synthesizes the effect of all previous layers into a recognizable portrayal archetype. Each character can be linked to stereotypes, narrative functions such as leading or supporting roles, story arcs showing positive or negative development, and queerbaiting patterns. * `Token Character`\ LGBTQ+ character is included, but lacks depth, meaningful development, or plot influence. * `Comic Sidekick`\ LGBTQ+ character is a secondary figure, often used for humor. The role played is a supporting / comic role and it does not dramatise his ambiguity. * `Authentic Representation`\ LGBTQ+ character is portrayed with realism and depth. This character actively promotes authentic LGBTQ+ representation to challenge stereotypes. * `Queer Protagonist Leed Role`\ LGBTQ+ character drives the story and challenges norms. The role played is central, usually drama, in which the character researches itself. *** ### πŸ”— Object Properties Between Ontologies | Property | Domain β†’ Range | Description | | ---------------------- | ------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | `viewedThroughLens` | PortrayalOfLGBTQCharacters β†’ Lens | Connects the portrayal of an LGBTQ+ character to the interpretative lens applied to it. This property expresses the perspectival framing through which the representation is analyzed β€” whether driven by commercial goals or social responsibility. | | `hasAttitude` | Lens β†’ Attitude | Links a lens to the evaluative stance it adopts. This captures the nuance within each perspective β€” such as whether a commercial lens promotes tokenism or market-friendliness, or whether a social lens fosters empowerment or authenticity. | | `affectsPortrayal` | Attitude β†’ PortrayalOfLGBTQCharacters | Indicates how a particular attitude influences the way LGBTQ+ characters are represented. It allows tracing specific outcomes (e.g., queerbaiting or challenging stereotypes) back to their ideological stance. | | `providesContextFor` | Background β†’ Attitude | Denotes how cultural, historical, industrial, or academic background conditions shape or support the emergence of a specific attitude. It embeds the attitude in its real-world context. | | `emergesFrom` | Cut β†’ Eventuality | Specifies that the final portrayal (Cut) arises from the original representational phenomenon. It connects the output of the perspectivisation process to the core event under analysis. | | `shapedByLens` | Cut β†’ Lens | Captures the influence of the chosen lens on the final portrayal. This property reveals how interpretative frameworks (profit-driven or socially conscious) mold the representation into specific character types or outcomes. | | `shapedByAttitude` | Cut β†’ Attitude | Relates the final form of representation to the evaluative attitude that directed it. It helps explain how the stance taken β€” such as queerbaiting or empowerment β€” manifests in the narrative result. | | `informedByBackground` | Cut β†’ Background | Highlights how broader cultural or industrial contexts influence the form a portrayal ultimately takes. This property situates the final narrative outcome within the real-world forces that shaped it. | *** ### 🧩 Punned Entities in Ontology Modeling In our ontology, we adopted **punning** as a modeling strategy to support both **conceptual clarity** and **practical annotation**. This technique, drawn from OWL 2 practices, allows the same term to be used both as a **class** (a conceptual category) and as an **individual** (an instance used in data). Punning enables a single term (URI) to play two roles: * As a **class**, it defines a conceptual category in the ontology (e.g., `TokenCharacter` as a subclass of `CharacterType`). * As an **individual**, it serves as a tag or value when annotating real-world data (e.g., a specific character being a `TokenCharacter`). By applying punned entities in our ontology, we achieved: * **Conceptual Reusability**\ Categories like `FairRepresentation`, `ComicSidekick`, or `PositiveRoleModel` are defined once in the ontology and reused across portrayals, characters, and impact annotations. * **Theoretical Alignment**\ Media and cultural studies often treat tropes and roles both as **abstract patterns** and as **recurring instantiations**. Our use of punning mirrors this interpretive flexibility. This approach also supports our perspectivist methodology, this approach allows multiple overlapping "lenses" of analysis without enforcing rigid hierarchical boundaries. *** #### 🧱 Punned Entity Table | **Entity** | **As Class Of** | **Also Instance Of** | | ----------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------- | ----------------------- | | `LGBTQPortrayal:FairRepresentation` | subclass of `RepresentationType` | type of `rep_type_uri` | | `LGBTQPortrayal:UnfairRepresentation` | subclass of `RepresentationType` | type of `rep_type_uri` | | `LGBTQPortrayal:Detailed` | subclass of `CharacterDepth` | type of `portrayal_uri` | | `LGBTQPortrayal:Superficial` | subclass of `CharacterDepth` | type of `portrayal_uri` | | `LGBTQPortrayal:AuthenticRepresentation` | subclass of `CharacterType` | type of `character_uri` | | `LGBTQPortrayal:ComicSidekick` | subclass of `CharacterType` | type of `character_uri` | | `LGBTQPortrayal:TokenCharacter` | subclass of `CharacterType` | type of `character_uri` | | `LGBTQPortrayal:QueerProtagonistLeadRole` | subclass of `CharacterType` | type of `character_uri` | | `LGBTQPortrayal:PositiveRoleModel` | subclass of `LGBTQCommunityImpact` | type of `impact_uri` | | `LGBTQPortrayal:NegativeRoleModel` | subclass of `LGBTQCommunityImpact` | type of `impact_uri` | *** ### 🎯 Example Mapping: *Riverdale’s Kevin Keller* | Element | Value | | ------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------ | | Portrayal | Static, Superficial | | RepresentationType | Unfair | | Lens | ProfitDrivenLens | | Attitude | Tokenization | | Background | Streaming Policies, Market Appeal | | Cut | Token Character | | LGBTQ Community Impact | Negative | | LGBTQ Community Impact Justification | Reinforces clichΓ©s, lacks narrative agency | *** ###